Shivappa Nayaka
Shivappa Nayaka (1645–1660), popularly known as Keladi Shivappa Nayaka, was an Indian king and ruler of the Keladi Nayaka Empire. The Keladi leaders were the successors of the Vijayanagara Empire in the coastal and Malenadu (hill) districts of Karnataka, India in the late 16th century.
Shivappa Nayka was an able ruler and soldier. He ascended the throne in 1645. During this time, Srirangaraya III, the last ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire who ruled from Vellore, was defeated by the Bijapur Sultans and sought refuge with Shivappa. The Portuguese threat was eliminated by 1653 and the downstream ports of Mangalore, Kundapur and Honnavar were brought under control.
After conquering the Kannada coast, he marched into the Kasaragod region of modern day Kerala and erected a victory pillar at Nileshwar. Shivappa Nayaka built the forts of Chandragiri, Bekal, Adka Kote, Arikkadi and Mangalore.
Shivappa Nayaka introduced a royal relief scheme called SIST, which drew favorable comparisons with the revenue schemes devised by the Mughal emperor Akbar. According to this scheme, agricultural land is divided into five types based on soil type and available irrigation facilities.
A unit of sowing capacity called khanduga was developed and each irrigated land was taxed in different amounts based on this unit. The rate of tax depends on the yield of each of these five types of land, the rate varies from village to village and is one-third of the total yield. Shivappa Nayaka gave importance to agriculture, which led to the expansion of the agricultural economy.
Shivamogga is surrounded by beautiful natural spots including waterfalls, forests and hills, making it a favorite destination for nature lovers and trekkers. The serene atmosphere and pleasant climate of this region attracts tourists from different parts of the country.
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